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{"type":"HTML","html":" ¿Qué está en riesgo para Colombia y el mundo si la Amazonia sigue perdiendo? "}
{"type":"HTML","html":"\n\t\n.titulo_principal{\n\n width: min(620px, 80%);\n margin-inline: auto;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\n.con_bottom{\n\tmargin-bottom: 1em !important;\n}\n\n.subtitulo {\n line-height: 26px;\n}\n\n.pie_foto_ballena{\n\n\tmargin-top: 40px;\n\ttext-align: center;\n\tmargin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\n.leerMenos {\n\t text-decoration: none;\n\t color: var(--primaryColor);\n\t font-weight: 700;\n\t text-transform: uppercase;\n\t font-family: var(--ff1);\n\t}\n\n.leerMenos {\n &::after {\n content: url(https://www.eltiempo.com/infografias/2024/07/COP16/flecha.svg);\n vertical-align: middle;\n margin-left: 0.5em;\n }\n\n\n\n\n \n Español\n English\n \n\n \n \n \n ‘There is a high probability that we will again fail to meet the biodiversity targets’\n \n\n \n Cristián Samper, who manages Jeff Bezos' conservation funds, says Colombia must work on three key issues if it wants to leave a legacy at COP16. \n \n \n \n \n \n \tThe list of the world's most important scientific voices on the environment undoubtedly includes Colombian Cristián Samper. The current director general and head of Natural Solutions for the Bezos Earth Fund is responsible for determining where and how the Amazon billionaire's resources will be focused to help restore nature worldwide and address the global climate crisis. \n \n \n \tSamper, 58, is a biologist from the Universidad de los Andes and has an unparalleled track record in the world of conservation: he earned his M.A. and Ph.D. in biology from Harvard University, was founder and first director of the Humboldt Institute, also directed the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) in Washington, and was president and CEO of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). \n \n \n \tHis work, which involves defining where the 10 billion dollars that Jeff Bezos promised to invest in the conservation and restoration of nature worldwide will go, takes him from one place to another. Within this complex agenda, a few days ago Samper took the time to speak at the \"Biodiversity Connection\" forums, a series of meetings developed by the National Environmental Forum and the Ministry of the Environment, in collaboration with different actors such as EL TIEMPO, the Swedish Embassy in Colombia and UNEP, among others, where he explained some key points about COP16 and the importance of environmental treaties and goals such as those agreed in the Kunming-Montreal Framework, whose compliance will be reviewed this year in Cali. \n \n \n \tIn an exclusive interview with EL TIEMPO, Samper refers to some of these points and assures that Colombia must work on three key issues if it wants to leave a legacy at the Biodiversity Summit. He points out that, as happened with the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, there is still a risk that we will not be able to achieve the goals of the Kunming-Montreal Framework, and that Colombia must set an example during the summit with an ambitious National Biodiversity Plan (i.e. its goals and actions). \n \n \n \n \t\n \n \n \t\n \t\tYou are an advocate of international treaties and conferences to protect the environment. And during the Biodiversity Connection forums you said that without the first environmental treaty, the one on whales, many whale species would have become extinct. If many people in the environmental sector think that COPs and these treaties do not achieve anything, why do you think differently?\n \t\t\n \n \tI think that environmental problems tend to be global or at least transboundary problems, and in this context it seems important to me that there should be coordination mechanisms. Of course, as I said, there are many environmental treaties. In fact, if you look at global and regional treaties, there are probably about 3,000 environmental treaties. There are some that are very effective and some that are not. But I mentioned the whaling treaty, which was curiously one of the first, in 1946, which is not perfect, but I think it has had an important result. On a global scale, one of the great conservation successes that has taken place in the world is the recovery of whale populations, and that was due to the measures that were taken at that time and the fact that there were a number of countries that were committed to it. Another treaty that seems to me to have teeth and to be working quite well is CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, which I think has been quite effective. In general, it seems to me that the more concrete the treaties are, the more effective they are. The Convention on Biological Diversity (organized by COP16) is a framework agreement, it is very broad, and I think there are some areas where progress has been made, but there are many areas where we still have a lot of work to do. In any case, I think it is important to have international treaties. \n \n What makes an agreement have \"teeth\"? \n \n \tThat there is actually a mechanism for dispute resolution or voting, for example. In the case of CITES, for example, it works on a series of appendices where species are listed, and if you go to one of these meetings, there is a voting process that determines whether something goes into an appendix or not, and depending on where it is, determines what kind of restrictions there are. In the Convention on Biological Diversity there is no dispute resolution mechanism and there is no dispute resolution process, no voting. So part of the problem we have at the moment is that everything is done by consensus, and of course when you try to get 196 countries to agree on a picture, it is very difficult because you have all kinds of points of view. In fact, I think that is one of the shortcomings of the Biodiversity Treaty, is that it does not have a clear voting mechanism to be able to make these kinds of decisions. And that was part of what happened with Aichi, and that could happen with the new targets. I don't think the Kunming-Montreal framework is perfect, they are very ambitious targets, but I don't think what happened with Aichi will happen again. \n \n And do you think it could happen again?\n \n \tThere is a high possibility that it will happen again because there are very ambitious goals, there are very clear goals and others that are still a bit vague. The more concrete the better. But what we need now is to move from intention to action and implementation and that is the key. And that is why, as I mentioned the other day at the conference, one of the key issues is the national plans, because you have these global goals, but in the end the actions are taken at the level of each country. And in this sense, it is very important that Colombia comes to COP 16 with a clear plan for the implementation of the global biodiversity goals. My impression is that some countries will come and some serious ones, but I think that most of them will not come with updated national plans. \n \n \n \n \n You pointed out that there are three key points that must be a priority for COP16 to be a success: financing, the Biodiversity Action Plans, and the benefits of genetic information, which is a very new issue in which Colombia wants to be a leader. Why do you think these three points are so important? \n \n The agenda for COP16 in Cali is very long, so one of the things that needs to be done is to prioritize. I said to Minister Susana Muhamad: In 10 years, when we look back at COP16, what will define it as a success? And it will not be how many people went, but what decisions were made. And it seems to me that the three key issues are the ones I mentioned. The first is to take the global agreement that came out of Montreal with these global goals and translate them into the national plans, which have to be ambitious and concrete. The second point that has been identified is that in order to implement these national plans, financial resources are needed, as well as scientific and technological cooperation, and in this sense there are very specific funding targets. So we have to look for ways to mobilize additional resources, because this is not only about international cooperation, this is about the commitment of governments, like Colombia's, and not only of the environmental sector, but also of other sectors, to really invest and implement these goals. And the third one, as you say, is something new, it is something very interesting, but which I think has a very great potential, and it is this issue of digital genetic information, which could help with the financial, but it is one of the approaches that many people have not focused on. For me, it could be the great opportunity of COP16 if we could get a global agreement on this, which would probably be what defines COP16. \n \n \n \n \n \n How should Colombia set an example at COP16?\n \n I think the first thing that needs to be done, and I know you are working on this, is to come up with a revised, updated, ambitious and clearly cross-sectoral Biodiversity Action Plan, because sometimes the difficulty is that we think that the problems and the solutions come from the environment sector, and we know that it is something that is cross-cutting, it has to do with the infrastructure sector, it has to do with the mining sector, it has to do with the agriculture sector. It really has to be something that cuts across and touches the different sectors that are working in the country. I know that they have been working on this for several months, I have not seen, I am not participating, I do not know the draft of this document, but I believe that Colombia has to take the lead, that is to say, here we are with this proposal and this is what Colombia is going to implement. \n \n Let's talk about resources and financing: the world is not providing the resources needed to address the climate crisis. Is there any chance of that changing? \n \n I think so, in fact I mentioned during the conference a study that was done a couple of years ago by the Paulson Institute, which is probably the best research there is on this, and they estimate that there is a biodiversity funding gap on the order of $700 billion a year. That's a huge number. But if you look at it, of that $700 billion, $500 billion is subsidies that we need to get rid of. So it is not new money, it is resources that need to be removed. And we are talking about subsidies in the developed world for things like fishing, agriculture, forests, things that are currently leading to the destruction or over-exploitation of natural resources. So one of the key measures, which is one of the goals of the global framework, is specifically to show progress in eliminating these subsidies. This is more of an issue for Europe and the U.S., it is not as big an issue for Colombia, but it should be looked at. And that leaves about $200 billion that is needed to implement the Global Framework. Most of these resources will have to come from national budgets. About 20 to 30 billion dollars, depending on when you look at it, should come from international cooperation, that is 10 to 15 percent of international cooperation. And philanthropy can help, but it cannot, it does not have the capacity to fill that gap, nor is that its role. What we can do is support new ideas, move much faster than bilateral cooperation, we can make very important and strategic investments. And I believe that in the case of Colombia, one of the investments we have made is the Herencia Colombia project, where we have invested 20 million dollars to help generate this, and where there are resources from the national budget, multilateral resources. This will mean more than 200 million dollars for the national parks of Colombia.\n \n Today, NGOs and other entities are doing very relevant work in terms of data, but here in Colombia, for example, many experts believe that these organizations and we in journalism are notaries of destruction and are not raising our voices enough. Do you think we are raising our voices enough in terms of conservation and restoration? \n \n \t I believe that Colombia has a very strong environmental sector, very robust, with very strong roots that go back to the time of the Natural Resources Code, and fortunately we are talking about several generations of leaders who have been committed to this. The difficulty is how do you get a greater awareness of environmental issues and problems and solutions beyond the environmental sector. I think a large part of the population is still not clearly aware of that. I remember when I announced that I was going to study biology, we are talking about many years ago, and in my family half the people said to me, \"You are going to die of hunger, why are you going to study that, what are you going to do? Well, look, we are dealing with a fundamental issue for the planet. So I hope that COP16 will serve to give more visibility to the issue and that Colombians will recognize the great opportunity and responsibility that we have. \n \n \n EDWIN CAICEDO\n Environment and Health Journalist \n @CaicedoUcros\n \n \n \n \n\n \n READ MORE\n\n \t\n READ LESS\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n \tdocument.getElementById('btnLeerMas').addEventListener(\"click\", function(){\n\n \t\tdocument.querySelector(\"#btnLeerMas\").style.display = \"none\"\n \t\tdocument.querySelector(\".leerMenos\").style.display = \"block\"\n \t\tdocument.querySelector(\".contenedorParaLeerMas\").style.display = \"block\"\n\n\n \t})\n\n\n \tdocument.getElementById('btnLeerMenos').addEventListener(\"click\", function(){\n\n \t\tdocument.querySelector(\"#btnLeerMas\").style.display = \"block\"\n \t\tdocument.querySelector(\".leerMas\").style.display = \"block\"\n \t\tdocument.querySelector(\".leerMenos\").style.display = \"none\"\n \t\tdocument.querySelector(\".contenedorParaLeerMas\").style.display = \"none\"\n\n\n \t})\n\n\n\n\n\n"}
{"type":"HTML","html":" \n \n .contenedorPreguntasEspaniol {\n display: block !important;\n }\n\n \n\n\n\n \n UNDERSTANDING COP16 \n \n \n \n How many countries are taking part in COP16?\n \n The Cali summit will bring together the 196 countries that have ratified the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), an international environmental treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. Neither the United States nor the Vatican are signatories.\n \n \n \n What is bioeconomy?\n \n According to the Berlin Global Convention (2020), it is the production, use, conservation and regeneration of biological resources to provide sustainable solutions in all sectors of the economy with the least impact on ecosystems and the least amount of waste.\n \n \n \n How is biodiversity used in agriculture?\n \n Harnessing biodiversity and using nature-based solutions are key to future agricultural production. For example, using bees to naturally pollinate vanilla in Chocó, Colombia, or planting trees and shrubs to feed cattle in a model of silvopastoral livestock systems in the Caribbean, show that it is possible to produce food in a sustainable way.\n \n \n \n What are groundcovers? \n \n Vegetation covers are the plant formations that cover the land surface in a given area. These covers include different types of vegetation such as forests, grasslands, shrublands, crops and urban green spaces. They perform functions such as regulating the water cycle, protecting against soil erosion, sequestering carbon, providing habitats for biodiversity and regulating the local climate.\n \n \n \n \n What is sustainable tourism?\n \n \n Sustainable tourism is a way of travelling and exploring the world that seeks to minimise negative impacts on the environment, culture and local communities, while maximising benefits to the local economy and promoting the conservation of natural and cultural resources. The aim is for current and future generations to enjoy destinations without compromising their integrity or long-term viability.\n \n \n \n What are 'flying rivers'?\n \n Evapotranspiration from the forests creates 'flying rivers', which are essentially streams of air moisture that move across South America, carrying rainfall from one place to another.\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n "}
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